Core Linux Principles

Linux follows five core principles which define its philosophy. What are they?

Core Principles

1. Everything is a file

"Everything is a file" is a fundamental concept in Unix-like operating systems, including Linux. It means that in the Linux file system, not only regular files, directories, and symbolic links are represented as files but also devices, processes, and even certain communication channels are represented as files.

2. Small, single-purpose programs

The principle of "small, single-purpose programs" is a design philosophy that emphasizes the creation of small, specialised programs that perform a specific task or function well.

3. Ability to chain programs together to perform complex tasks

Following on from the principle of Single-purpose programs, the ability to chain programs together to perform complex tasks is a key principle of the Unix/Linux philosophy. The concept refers to the practice of using the output of one program as the input for another program, therefore joining a string of programs together to achieve more powerful and sophisticated functionality.

4. Avoid captive user interfaces

This principle discourages the creation of unnecessary user interfaces which can be very restrictive. Instead there is a strong emphasis on the use of the command-line interfaces where commands and tools are expected to be typed in to be executed. This provides the user greater control over the system.

5. Configuration data stored in text

This principle emphasises the use of plain text files to store configuration settings for software and system components. This approach has several advantages and aligns with the principles of simplicity, transparency, and compatibility.

Final Thoughts

Understanding these core principles is fundamental for users and administrators working with Linux, as they reflect the philosophy and design principles that have shaped the development of the operating system over the years.

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